Featured Articles
Detailed List of Candidates' Tax Proposals
by by Martin A. Sullivan — martysullivan@comcast.net

Document originally published in Tax Notes
on May 12, 2008.
We won't pretend for a moment to take much stock in campaign promises. But if you sift out the rhetoric and add in a good dose of realism, the tax proposals of Sens. John McCain, R-Ariz., Barack Obama, D-Ill., and Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., can tell you a great deal about the direction of U.S. tax policy.
There is a whiff of tax reform in the air. It may not be the tear-the-income-tax-out-by-the-roots reform that sparked so much attention in recent years, but all the candidates are looking to close loopholes and institute proposals reflecting the fundamental themes of their campaigns. McCain: competitiveness. Obama: fairness. Clinton: competitiveness and fairness.
And beyond the big-picture items, there is a fair amount of detail. By our count during this campaign, the three candidates have discussed 78 different tax-related topics. McCain: 17. Obama: 43. Clinton: 56. (There is some overlap.) You won't hear about most of these options on cable news. You won't read about them in the newspaper. Hell, you can barely find some of them on the candidates' own Web sites.
But if you want a preview of the big new tax law likely to pass in 2009, you'll find it in the summary on the following pages. Which of the proposals will take center stage? For the time being, you'll have to figure that out on your own.
Tax Proposals of the Presidential Candidates
Based on Their Position Papers, Press Releases, Speeches,
and Interviews
(As of May 5, 2008)
Topic John McCain Barack Obama Hillary Clinton
______________________________________________________________________________
Unfinished Business
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Maintain the Retain tax cuts for Extend middle-class
Individual current income poor and middle- tax relief.
tax and investment tax class families. Discontinue
rates rates. Allow the Bush tax portions of the
cuts to expire for Bush tax cuts for
people making more those making more
than $250,000 per than $250,000.
year. Extend "marriage
penalty" relief.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Double the personal Create a new Extend child
Exemptions exemption for each "making work pay" credits.
and dependent from tax credit of up to
personal $3,500 to $7,000. $500 per person, or
credits $1,000 per working
family. Will
completely
eliminate income
taxes for 10
million Americans.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Capital Keep the current Increase the "I wouldn't raise
gains rates on dividends highest bracket for it above the 20% if
and and capital gains. capital gains and I raised it at all.
dividends dividends to a I would not raise
level at or below it above what it
the Reagan rate was during the
(28%). Clinton
administration."
(Apr. 17, 2008)
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Estate Raise the exemption "In 2009, this Freeze the estate
tax from taxation on figure [the per tax at 2009 levels
estates up to $10 couple exemption of $7 million per
million and cut the amount] goes up to couple to pay for
tax rate to 15%. $7 million. The tax matching tax cuts
thus affects only for middle-class
the wealthiest one- savings accounts.
third of 1% in Compared to
2009. Repealing the outright repeal
estate tax would this is expected to
cost $1 trillion, increase revenue
and it would be $400 billion over
hard to find a tax 10 years.
cut that was less
responsive to the
needs of ordinary
Americans or the
long-term interests
of the country."
The Audacity of
Hope, pp. 191-192.
______________________________________________________________________________
Other Individual Tax Issues
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Permanently repeal Fix the AMT in a Reform the AMT to
Individual the AMT. fiscally ensure no stealth
alternative responsible manner. tax increase.
minimum tax
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Earned Increase benefits Triple the EITC
income tax and expand the benefit for single
credit number of workers, providing
individuals more than four
eligible for EITC million people a
by increasing the tax cut averaging
number of working $750.
parents eligible
for benefits,
increasing the
benefits available
to parents who
support their
children through
child support
payments,
increasing benefits
for families with
three or more
children, and
reducing the EITC
marriage penalty.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Child and Reform the child Reform the child
dependent and dependent care and dependent care
care tax tax credit by tax credit to
credit making it address its
refundable and shortcomings.
allowing low-income
families to receive
up to a 50% credit
for their child
care expenses.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Credit Provide a $1,000
for workers refundable tax
with credit to help
disabilities offset additional
expenses for
workers with
serious
disabilities and
moderate incomes.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Adoption Make the adoption
Credit tax credit (due to
expire in 2010)
permanent and
partially
refundable.
______________________________________________________________________________
Payroll Taxes
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Increase Increase the
payroll tax maximum amount of
earning caps earnings covered by
Social Security.
______________________________________________________________________________
Corporate Taxes
______________________________________________________________________________
11. Rates Reduce the federal Opposition to tax
corporate tax rate cut: "Independent
from 35% to 25%. organizations from
the Congressional
Budget Office to
Moody's agree that
a corporate rate
cut is among the
least effective
ways to jumpstart
our economy." (Mar.
14, 2008)
______________________________________________________________________________
12. Allow businesses to
Expensing immediately deduct
the cost of
equipment
investment.
______________________________________________________________________________
13. Research Establish a Make the R&E credit Make the R&E credit
credit permanent tax permanent. permanent.
credit equal to 10%
of wages spent on
R&D.
______________________________________________________________________________
14. More Increase the R&D
generous credit by 50%;
research increase the
credit existing R&D tax
credit from 20% to
30%; also increase
the alternative
simplified credit
from 12% to 20%.
______________________________________________________________________________
15. New To spur basic
basic research and
research encourage
credit collaborative
research between
universities,
federal research
institutions, and
private firms;
create a 40%
incremental credit
on all qualified
investments in
basic research.
______________________________________________________________________________
16. New Create a new 10%
start-up credit for all
firm qualifying R&D
research spending for start-
credit up firms.
______________________________________________________________________________
17. Tax Provide tax Strengthen tax
incentives incentives to get incentives for
for broadband to every extending broadband
broadband community. to underserved
areas.
______________________________________________________________________________
18. Foreign Repeal the
tax credit provision in the
rules 2004 Jobs Act that
allows U.S.
corporations to
gain tax benefits
from their foreign
assets by
allocating interest
on a worldwide
basis. (Enacted in
2004, this
provision has yet
to take effect.)
______________________________________________________________________________
19. Tax Institutionalize Codify the economic
shelters the economic substance doctrine
substance doctrine to crack down on
to reduce abusive abusive tax
tax shelters. transactions that
have no economic
purpose. Raises $26
billion over 10
years.
______________________________________________________________________________
20. Reform Deny companies Reform deferral to
deferral and billions of dollars remove incentive
incentives in tax deductions for companies to
for foreign for moving their ship jobs overseas.
investment operations
overseas. Limit
large multinational
corporations' use
of tax havens to
hide income
overseas.
______________________________________________________________________________
21. Transfer Prevent companies
pricing from engaging in
transfer-pricing
arrangements in
which companies
shift income or
assets to low-tax
jurisdictions.
______________________________________________________________________________
22. Foreign Eliminate
tax credit: incentives in the
limit cross- tax code (like the
crediting ability to "cross-
credit") that
encourage U.S.
companies to shift
operations or at
least profits to
low-tax
jurisdictions.
______________________________________________________________________________
23. Tax Eliminate
haven advantages for
insurers foreign insurers
located in tax
havens that compete
with U.S. insurers
for U.S. business.
______________________________________________________________________________
24. Reward Provide a tax
"patriot credit to companies
employers" that maintain or
increase the size
of U.S. workforce
relative to
workforce outside
the United States;
maintain their
corporate
headquarters in
America; pay decent
wages; prepare
workers for
retirement; provide
health insurance;
and support
employees who serve
in the military.
______________________________________________________________________________
25. "I will lead Eliminate special-
Corporate across-the-board interest loopholes
loophole reforms in the and deductions,
closing federal tax code, such as those for
removing myriad the oil and gas
corporate tax industry.
loopholes that are
costly, unfair, and
inconsistent with a
free-market
economy." (Apr.
15, 2008)
______________________________________________________________________________
Other Business Issues
______________________________________________________________________________
26. Close the loophole
Independent that allows some
contractor employers to
classify their
employees as
independent
contractors rather
than full-time
employees.
______________________________________________________________________________
27. Small- Eliminate the
business capital gains
capital taxation of start-
gains up businesses.
______________________________________________________________________________
28. Hedge Close the carried Close the loophole
and private interest loophole. that allows hedge
equity fund fund managers to
managers use offshore tax
havens to defer
paying taxes on
their compensation.
______________________________________________________________________________
Healthcare
______________________________________________________________________________
29. Health Refundable tax Provide income- Provide a
insurance credit of $2,500 related federal refundable "premium
credits/ for individuals and subsidies to affordability" tax
subsidies $5,000 for families individuals and credit that ensures
to offset the cost families who do not that health
of health qualify for insurance premiums
insurance. Those Medicaid or SCHIP never rise above a
obtaining but still need certain percentage
innovative assistance to keep of family income.
insurance that health insurance The tax credit will
costs less than the premiums be indexed to
credit can deposit affordable. [Tax inflation.
the remainder in not mentioned.]
expanded health
savings accounts.
______________________________________________________________________________
30. Health Expand and
savings encourage use of
accounts health savings
accounts.
______________________________________________________________________________
31. Tax Provide a new
credit for refundable
small healthcare tax
business credit for small
health businesses that
insurance contribute most of
the premiums for
their workers.
______________________________________________________________________________
32. Tax Provide a new tax
credit to credit for
assist qualifying private
retiree and public retiree
health health plans to
insurance offset a
plans significant portion
of catastrophic
expenditures that
exceed a certain
threshold, as long
as savings are
dedicated to
workers and
competitiveness.
______________________________________________________________________________
33. Limit Limit the exclusion
exclusion for the high-end
for portion of very
employer- generous plans for
provided those making over
heathcare $250,000. Estimated
revenue gain: $2
billion.
______________________________________________________________________________
34. Play-or- Employers that do Large employers
pay for not offer coverage will be expected to
employers or make a provide health
contribution to the insurance or
cost of employee contribute to the
healthcare will be cost of coverage.
required to
contribute a
percentage of
payroll toward the
costs of a national
plan.
______________________________________________________________________________
35. Health Overhaul the health
insurance coverage tax credit
for trade- to ensure that it
affected is actually making
unemployed healthcare
affordable for
laid-off workers.
______________________________________________________________________________
Education
______________________________________________________________________________
36. Tax Create a new More than double
credit for American the maximum credit
college opportunity tax amount to $3,500 of
tuition credit, a the HOPE college
refundable $4,000 tuition scholarship
tax credit program (currently
available at the $1,650). Credit
time of enrollment. equals 100% of the
Require 100 hours first $1,000 of
of service in college expenses
college. and 50% of the next
$5,000 under this
new credit.
Partially
refundable. Income
phaseout similar to
the HOPE credit.
Also "advanceable"
to allow families
to receive credit
when tuition bills
are due.
______________________________________________________________________________
37. Amend section 127
Employer- to allow employers
provided to pay tuition not
educational just for college
assistance courses, but also
for literacy and
English as a Second
Language or other
preundergraduate
education.
______________________________________________________________________________
38. Enable families to
Streamline apply for federal
financial financial aid
aid simply by checking
application a box on their tax
through form, eliminating
return the need for a
filing separate
application.
______________________________________________________________________________
39. No Allow penalty-free
penalties withdrawals from
for Clinton's proposed
withdrawals new retirement
for accounts for
education expenses related to
and training higher education
and training while
workers are on the
job.
______________________________________________________________________________
Housing
______________________________________________________________________________
40. Credit Provide a tax
for mortgage credit equal to 10%
interest of a family's
mortgage interest
payment each year.
"That's the change
that America's
homeowners need."
______________________________________________________________________________
41. Lift cap Provide $10 billion "Temporarily"
on mortgage worth of mortgage modify the MRB
revenue revenue bonds to program to help
bonds (MRB) refinance subprime families refinance
loans and assist unworkable
first-time mortgages [under
homebuyers. current law MRBs
can be used only
for origination of
mortgages], and
increase the
federal cap by
approximately 25%
to provide an
additional $2.5
billion in
refinancing
capacity.
______________________________________________________________________________
42. Tax "Tax breaks for
breaks for builders." (Apr.
builders 10, 2008)
______________________________________________________________________________
Pensions and Savings
______________________________________________________________________________
43. New Establish an Provide new
savings automatic work-place "American retirement
accounts and pension policy. accounts" with
tax credits Require employers to $1,000 matching,
for savings enroll workers in a refundable tax
direct deposit credit for the first
retirement account $1,000 of savings by
that places a small married couples. 50%
percentage of each match for $1,000 for
paycheck into the couples between
account. Employees $60,000 and $100,000
have a choice of (phased out after
opting out, that). Allow up to
matching, or adding $5,000 per year
to this account. saved on a tax-
Portable to other deferred basis.
employment. Expand Allow penalty-free
the existing savers withdrawals for
credit to match 50% buying a home,
of the first $1,000 paying for higher
of savings for education,
families that earn retirement, and
under $75,000, and [new] for
make the tax credit withdrawals of 10%-
refundable. Savings 15% of savings from
match will be American retirement
automatically accounts to help
deposited into couples through
personal accounts. periods of extended
unemployment.
Automatic deposits
into savings unless
workers opt out.
Cost: $20 billion-
$25 billion per
year.
______________________________________________________________________________
44. Expand Double existing tax
tax credit credit to $1,000
for small for the first year
employers that a small
providing employer offers a
pension qualified
plans retirement plan.
Create a new $500-
per-year tax credit
for the first three
years that a small
employer provides
direct deposit
options to its
employees.
Streamline the
filing system for
employers to claim
these credits.
______________________________________________________________________________
The Elderly
______________________________________________________________________________
45. Tax Eliminate all Double the standard
relief for income taxation of deduction for the
the elderly seniors making less elderly (11 million
than $50,000 per filers).
year — an
immediate tax cut
averaging $1,400
for seven million
seniors to relieve
millions from the
burden of filing
tax returns.
______________________________________________________________________________
46. Provide a new
Caregiver partially
tax credit refundable $3,000
care-giving credit
for seniors, people
with disabilities
and their families,
and persons with
substantial long-
term care needs or
their caregivers
(that credit would
be phased out for
couples earning
more than
$150,000). Will not
require accounting
for out-of-pocket
costs. Estimated
revenue effect:
$300 million per
year.
______________________________________________________________________________
47. Long- Provide new tax
term credit to cover 75%
insurance of long-term care
credit insurance premiums
of up to $1,500 per
year for qualified
long-term care
insurance policies
that would meet new
consumer protection
requirements (the
credit will be
phased out for
couples earning
more than
$150,000).
Qualified plans
must abide by the
National
Association of
Insurance
Commissioners 2006
Model Regulations.
______________________________________________________________________________
Energy/Environment
______________________________________________________________________________
48. Extend Extend for five Encourage
the years the investment in wind,
production production tax solar, and other
tax credit credit used renewable energy
successfully by production by
farmers and making permanent
investors to the 1.9 cent per
increase renewable kilowatt-hour tax
energy production. credit for
producing
electricity from
renewable sources.
______________________________________________________________________________
49. Tax Provide tax
incentive incentives for most
for promising
cellulosic technologies with
ethanol the goal of getting
the first two
billion gallons of
cellulosic ethanol
into the system by
2013.
______________________________________________________________________________
50. Tax Provide retooling Help automakers
incentive tax credits and retool their
for loan guarantees for production
automakers domestic auto facilities through
producing plants and parts $20 billion in
fuel- manufacturers so "Green Vehicle
efficient that they can build Bonds" to meet new
vehicles new fuel-efficient emission standards.
cars to meet new
fuel economy
standards.
______________________________________________________________________________
51. Ethanol "I trust markets Expand federal tax Extend a per-gallon
and and I oppose credit programs to tax credit for corn
biodiesel subsidies. . . . provide incentives ethanol, cellulosic
tax credit Yes, that means no for local ethanol, and
ethanol subsidies." communities to biodiesel.
(Nov. 5, 2007) invest in their
biofuel refineries.
______________________________________________________________________________
52. Oil Repeal tax breaks Eliminate oil
company tax for the oil and gas company tax breaks.
breaks industry.
______________________________________________________________________________
53. Tax Supports 30% tax Tax credit for gas
credit for credit for stations for
E85 fuel installing E85 installing E85
pumps ethanol refueling pumps.
pumps.
______________________________________________________________________________
54. Extra Provide an
ethanol additional subsidy
subsidy for per gallon of
community- ethanol produced
financed from new facilities
ethanol that have a minimum
production of 25% local
capital.
______________________________________________________________________________
55. Tax Lift the 60,000- Expand tax credits
credits for per-manufacturer for purchases of
fuel- cap on buyer tax hybrids and other
efficient credits to allow low-emission
cars more Americans to vehicles. Offer tax
buy ultra-efficient credits of up to
vehicles. $10,000 for
purchasing a plug-
in hybrid.
______________________________________________________________________________
56. Tax Tax incentive for
credit for homeowners and
energy- businesses to make
efficient their houses and
appliances offices more energy
efficient. Expand
credits for
efficient
appliances, new
windows, and other
clean, efficient
technologies.
______________________________________________________________________________
57. Utility Provide tax
smart-grid incentives, such as
technology accelerated
depreciation, to
utilities that
install smart-grid
technology.
______________________________________________________________________________
58. Impose Implement a Impose a windfall
wind-fall windfall profit tax profit tax on big
profit tax on the oil and gas oil companies.
on oil industry.
companies
______________________________________________________________________________
59. Play-or- Create a $50
pay for oil billion Strategic
companies Energy Fund that
(nontax) will invest in
clean energy
technologies. Oil
companies must
invest in
alternative energy
or pay into the
fund.
______________________________________________________________________________
60. Increase Increase benefits
employer- for employer-
provided provided public
mass transit transit or ride-
benefits sharing to level
available for
employer-provided
parking.
______________________________________________________________________________
61. Cap-and- Auction 100% of Auction 100% of
trade permits. permits.
(nontax)
______________________________________________________________________________
62. Gas tax Suspend the 18.4 "The idea of a gas Suspend gas tax and
holiday cent federal gas tax holiday is a impose an excess
tax and 24.4 cent phony approach. It profits tax on the
diesel tax from is a gimmick." (May oil companies.
Memorial Day to 5, 2008)
Labor Day.
______________________________________________________________________________
Simplification/Reform
______________________________________________________________________________
63. Require a three-
Supermajority fifths majority
for tax vote in Congress to
increases raise taxes.
______________________________________________________________________________
64. Optional Propose a new
tax system alternative and
simpler tax system.
All who wish to
stay under the
current system
could still do so,
but everyone else
could choose a
vastly less
complicated system
with two tax rates
and a generous
standard deduction.
______________________________________________________________________________
65. Ensure that the IRS
Prepopulated uses the
tax returns information from
banks and employers
to give taxpayers
the option of
prepopulated tax
forms to verify,
sign, and return.
______________________________________________________________________________
66. Post tax Ensure that any tax
breaks on breaks for
Internet corporate
recipients — or
tax earmarks — are
publicly available
on the Internet in
an easily
searchable format.
______________________________________________________________________________
67. Budget Reinstate "pay as Move toward a
rules you go" budget balanced budget and
rules, so that new surpluses. Develop
spending or tax a set of budget
cuts are paid for rules similar to
by spending cuts or those in the 1990s
new revenue that required
elsewhere. funding new
expenditures with
new revenues or
cuts in other areas.
______________________________________________________________________________
Miscellaneous
______________________________________________________________________________
68. Third- Increase third-
party party reporting of
reporting of capital gains.
capital
gains
______________________________________________________________________________
69. Credit Improve compliance
card company by requiring credit
reporting of and debit card
merchant companies to report
receipts reimbursement
payments made to
merchants.
______________________________________________________________________________
70. Tax Provide the
haven "black Treasury Department
list" with tools needed
to stop the abuse
of tax shelters and
offshore tax
havens. Crack down
on the offshore tax
havens that refuse
to share tax
information. Create
an international
tax evasion watch
list to monitor
these countries and
use economic
pressure to make
them comply.
Penalize any
company that
reports income from
tax havens on the
list.
______________________________________________________________________________
71. Rural Expand empowerment
empowerment zones to more rural
zone areas, including
issuance of tax-
exempt rural
enterprise
community bonds.
______________________________________________________________________________
72. Ban new taxes on
Cellphone cellphones.
taxes
______________________________________________________________________________
73. Internet Ban Internet taxes.
taxes
______________________________________________________________________________
74. Tax Provide a capital
breaks for gains tax break for
family landowners selling
farmers to beginning family
farmers. Provide a
first-time buyers
tax credit for new
farmers.
______________________________________________________________________________
75. New Reauthorize the new
markets tax markets tax credit.
credit
______________________________________________________________________________
76. Tax Create a new $5
credit billion
relief for "insourcing"
communities markets tax credit
adversely dedicated to
affected by communities
globalization impacted by global
competition, trade,
and technological
change. Treasury,
Labor, and Commerce
departments
determine eligible
trade-affected
communities.
Eligibility for the
new credit will
include small-
business investment
corporations.
______________________________________________________________________________
77. Educate employers
Encourage about current-law
use of disabled access tax
employer credit, a tax
credits deduction for
architectural and
transportation
barrier removal,
and the work
opportunity tax
credit to encourage
employment of
individuals with
disabilities.
______________________________________________________________________________
78. Tax- Challenge some of
exempt the most selective
status of U.S. schools that
higher benefit
education tremendously from
their tax-exempt
status to further
expand access for
low-income students
by spending a
greater percentage
of their endowment
on recruiting more
low-income
students.
______________________________________________________________________________
on May 12, 2008.
We won't pretend for a moment to take much stock in campaign promises. But if you sift out the rhetoric and add in a good dose of realism, the tax proposals of Sens. John McCain, R-Ariz., Barack Obama, D-Ill., and Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., can tell you a great deal about the direction of U.S. tax policy.
There is a whiff of tax reform in the air. It may not be the tear-the-income-tax-out-by-the-roots reform that sparked so much attention in recent years, but all the candidates are looking to close loopholes and institute proposals reflecting the fundamental themes of their campaigns. McCain: competitiveness. Obama: fairness. Clinton: competitiveness and fairness.
And beyond the big-picture items, there is a fair amount of detail. By our count during this campaign, the three candidates have discussed 78 different tax-related topics. McCain: 17. Obama: 43. Clinton: 56. (There is some overlap.) You won't hear about most of these options on cable news. You won't read about them in the newspaper. Hell, you can barely find some of them on the candidates' own Web sites.
But if you want a preview of the big new tax law likely to pass in 2009, you'll find it in the summary on the following pages. Which of the proposals will take center stage? For the time being, you'll have to figure that out on your own.
Tax Proposals of the Presidential Candidates
Based on Their Position Papers, Press Releases, Speeches,
and Interviews
(As of May 5, 2008)
Topic John McCain Barack Obama Hillary Clinton
______________________________________________________________________________
Unfinished Business
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Maintain the Retain tax cuts for Extend middle-class
Individual current income poor and middle- tax relief.
tax and investment tax class families. Discontinue
rates rates. Allow the Bush tax portions of the
cuts to expire for Bush tax cuts for
people making more those making more
than $250,000 per than $250,000.
year. Extend "marriage
penalty" relief.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Double the personal Create a new Extend child
Exemptions exemption for each "making work pay" credits.
and dependent from tax credit of up to
personal $3,500 to $7,000. $500 per person, or
credits $1,000 per working
family. Will
completely
eliminate income
taxes for 10
million Americans.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Capital Keep the current Increase the "I wouldn't raise
gains rates on dividends highest bracket for it above the 20% if
and and capital gains. capital gains and I raised it at all.
dividends dividends to a I would not raise
level at or below it above what it
the Reagan rate was during the
(28%). Clinton
administration."
(Apr. 17, 2008)
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Estate Raise the exemption "In 2009, this Freeze the estate
tax from taxation on figure [the per tax at 2009 levels
estates up to $10 couple exemption of $7 million per
million and cut the amount] goes up to couple to pay for
tax rate to 15%. $7 million. The tax matching tax cuts
thus affects only for middle-class
the wealthiest one- savings accounts.
third of 1% in Compared to
2009. Repealing the outright repeal
estate tax would this is expected to
cost $1 trillion, increase revenue
and it would be $400 billion over
hard to find a tax 10 years.
cut that was less
responsive to the
needs of ordinary
Americans or the
long-term interests
of the country."
The Audacity of
Hope, pp. 191-192.
______________________________________________________________________________
Other Individual Tax Issues
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Permanently repeal Fix the AMT in a Reform the AMT to
Individual the AMT. fiscally ensure no stealth
alternative responsible manner. tax increase.
minimum tax
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Earned Increase benefits Triple the EITC
income tax and expand the benefit for single
credit number of workers, providing
individuals more than four
eligible for EITC million people a
by increasing the tax cut averaging
number of working $750.
parents eligible
for benefits,
increasing the
benefits available
to parents who
support their
children through
child support
payments,
increasing benefits
for families with
three or more
children, and
reducing the EITC
marriage penalty.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. Child and Reform the child Reform the child
dependent and dependent care and dependent care
care tax tax credit by tax credit to
credit making it address its
refundable and shortcomings.
allowing low-income
families to receive
up to a 50% credit
for their child
care expenses.
______________________________________________________________________________
8. Credit Provide a $1,000
for workers refundable tax
with credit to help
disabilities offset additional
expenses for
workers with
serious
disabilities and
moderate incomes.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. Adoption Make the adoption
Credit tax credit (due to
expire in 2010)
permanent and
partially
refundable.
______________________________________________________________________________
Payroll Taxes
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Increase Increase the
payroll tax maximum amount of
earning caps earnings covered by
Social Security.
______________________________________________________________________________
Corporate Taxes
______________________________________________________________________________
11. Rates Reduce the federal Opposition to tax
corporate tax rate cut: "Independent
from 35% to 25%. organizations from
the Congressional
Budget Office to
Moody's agree that
a corporate rate
cut is among the
least effective
ways to jumpstart
our economy." (Mar.
14, 2008)
______________________________________________________________________________
12. Allow businesses to
Expensing immediately deduct
the cost of
equipment
investment.
______________________________________________________________________________
13. Research Establish a Make the R&E credit Make the R&E credit
credit permanent tax permanent. permanent.
credit equal to 10%
of wages spent on
R&D.
______________________________________________________________________________
14. More Increase the R&D
generous credit by 50%;
research increase the
credit existing R&D tax
credit from 20% to
30%; also increase
the alternative
simplified credit
from 12% to 20%.
______________________________________________________________________________
15. New To spur basic
basic research and
research encourage
credit collaborative
research between
universities,
federal research
institutions, and
private firms;
create a 40%
incremental credit
on all qualified
investments in
basic research.
______________________________________________________________________________
16. New Create a new 10%
start-up credit for all
firm qualifying R&D
research spending for start-
credit up firms.
______________________________________________________________________________
17. Tax Provide tax Strengthen tax
incentives incentives to get incentives for
for broadband to every extending broadband
broadband community. to underserved
areas.
______________________________________________________________________________
18. Foreign Repeal the
tax credit provision in the
rules 2004 Jobs Act that
allows U.S.
corporations to
gain tax benefits
from their foreign
assets by
allocating interest
on a worldwide
basis. (Enacted in
2004, this
provision has yet
to take effect.)
______________________________________________________________________________
19. Tax Institutionalize Codify the economic
shelters the economic substance doctrine
substance doctrine to crack down on
to reduce abusive abusive tax
tax shelters. transactions that
have no economic
purpose. Raises $26
billion over 10
years.
______________________________________________________________________________
20. Reform Deny companies Reform deferral to
deferral and billions of dollars remove incentive
incentives in tax deductions for companies to
for foreign for moving their ship jobs overseas.
investment operations
overseas. Limit
large multinational
corporations' use
of tax havens to
hide income
overseas.
______________________________________________________________________________
21. Transfer Prevent companies
pricing from engaging in
transfer-pricing
arrangements in
which companies
shift income or
assets to low-tax
jurisdictions.
______________________________________________________________________________
22. Foreign Eliminate
tax credit: incentives in the
limit cross- tax code (like the
crediting ability to "cross-
credit") that
encourage U.S.
companies to shift
operations or at
least profits to
low-tax
jurisdictions.
______________________________________________________________________________
23. Tax Eliminate
haven advantages for
insurers foreign insurers
located in tax
havens that compete
with U.S. insurers
for U.S. business.
______________________________________________________________________________
24. Reward Provide a tax
"patriot credit to companies
employers" that maintain or
increase the size
of U.S. workforce
relative to
workforce outside
the United States;
maintain their
corporate
headquarters in
America; pay decent
wages; prepare
workers for
retirement; provide
health insurance;
and support
employees who serve
in the military.
______________________________________________________________________________
25. "I will lead Eliminate special-
Corporate across-the-board interest loopholes
loophole reforms in the and deductions,
closing federal tax code, such as those for
removing myriad the oil and gas
corporate tax industry.
loopholes that are
costly, unfair, and
inconsistent with a
free-market
economy." (Apr.
15, 2008)
______________________________________________________________________________
Other Business Issues
______________________________________________________________________________
26. Close the loophole
Independent that allows some
contractor employers to
classify their
employees as
independent
contractors rather
than full-time
employees.
______________________________________________________________________________
27. Small- Eliminate the
business capital gains
capital taxation of start-
gains up businesses.
______________________________________________________________________________
28. Hedge Close the carried Close the loophole
and private interest loophole. that allows hedge
equity fund fund managers to
managers use offshore tax
havens to defer
paying taxes on
their compensation.
______________________________________________________________________________
Healthcare
______________________________________________________________________________
29. Health Refundable tax Provide income- Provide a
insurance credit of $2,500 related federal refundable "premium
credits/ for individuals and subsidies to affordability" tax
subsidies $5,000 for families individuals and credit that ensures
to offset the cost families who do not that health
of health qualify for insurance premiums
insurance. Those Medicaid or SCHIP never rise above a
obtaining but still need certain percentage
innovative assistance to keep of family income.
insurance that health insurance The tax credit will
costs less than the premiums be indexed to
credit can deposit affordable. [Tax inflation.
the remainder in not mentioned.]
expanded health
savings accounts.
______________________________________________________________________________
30. Health Expand and
savings encourage use of
accounts health savings
accounts.
______________________________________________________________________________
31. Tax Provide a new
credit for refundable
small healthcare tax
business credit for small
health businesses that
insurance contribute most of
the premiums for
their workers.
______________________________________________________________________________
32. Tax Provide a new tax
credit to credit for
assist qualifying private
retiree and public retiree
health health plans to
insurance offset a
plans significant portion
of catastrophic
expenditures that
exceed a certain
threshold, as long
as savings are
dedicated to
workers and
competitiveness.
______________________________________________________________________________
33. Limit Limit the exclusion
exclusion for the high-end
for portion of very
employer- generous plans for
provided those making over
heathcare $250,000. Estimated
revenue gain: $2
billion.
______________________________________________________________________________
34. Play-or- Employers that do Large employers
pay for not offer coverage will be expected to
employers or make a provide health
contribution to the insurance or
cost of employee contribute to the
healthcare will be cost of coverage.
required to
contribute a
percentage of
payroll toward the
costs of a national
plan.
______________________________________________________________________________
35. Health Overhaul the health
insurance coverage tax credit
for trade- to ensure that it
affected is actually making
unemployed healthcare
affordable for
laid-off workers.
______________________________________________________________________________
Education
______________________________________________________________________________
36. Tax Create a new More than double
credit for American the maximum credit
college opportunity tax amount to $3,500 of
tuition credit, a the HOPE college
refundable $4,000 tuition scholarship
tax credit program (currently
available at the $1,650). Credit
time of enrollment. equals 100% of the
Require 100 hours first $1,000 of
of service in college expenses
college. and 50% of the next
$5,000 under this
new credit.
Partially
refundable. Income
phaseout similar to
the HOPE credit.
Also "advanceable"
to allow families
to receive credit
when tuition bills
are due.
______________________________________________________________________________
37. Amend section 127
Employer- to allow employers
provided to pay tuition not
educational just for college
assistance courses, but also
for literacy and
English as a Second
Language or other
preundergraduate
education.
______________________________________________________________________________
38. Enable families to
Streamline apply for federal
financial financial aid
aid simply by checking
application a box on their tax
through form, eliminating
return the need for a
filing separate
application.
______________________________________________________________________________
39. No Allow penalty-free
penalties withdrawals from
for Clinton's proposed
withdrawals new retirement
for accounts for
education expenses related to
and training higher education
and training while
workers are on the
job.
______________________________________________________________________________
Housing
______________________________________________________________________________
40. Credit Provide a tax
for mortgage credit equal to 10%
interest of a family's
mortgage interest
payment each year.
"That's the change
that America's
homeowners need."
______________________________________________________________________________
41. Lift cap Provide $10 billion "Temporarily"
on mortgage worth of mortgage modify the MRB
revenue revenue bonds to program to help
bonds (MRB) refinance subprime families refinance
loans and assist unworkable
first-time mortgages [under
homebuyers. current law MRBs
can be used only
for origination of
mortgages], and
increase the
federal cap by
approximately 25%
to provide an
additional $2.5
billion in
refinancing
capacity.
______________________________________________________________________________
42. Tax "Tax breaks for
breaks for builders." (Apr.
builders 10, 2008)
______________________________________________________________________________
Pensions and Savings
______________________________________________________________________________
43. New Establish an Provide new
savings automatic work-place "American retirement
accounts and pension policy. accounts" with
tax credits Require employers to $1,000 matching,
for savings enroll workers in a refundable tax
direct deposit credit for the first
retirement account $1,000 of savings by
that places a small married couples. 50%
percentage of each match for $1,000 for
paycheck into the couples between
account. Employees $60,000 and $100,000
have a choice of (phased out after
opting out, that). Allow up to
matching, or adding $5,000 per year
to this account. saved on a tax-
Portable to other deferred basis.
employment. Expand Allow penalty-free
the existing savers withdrawals for
credit to match 50% buying a home,
of the first $1,000 paying for higher
of savings for education,
families that earn retirement, and
under $75,000, and [new] for
make the tax credit withdrawals of 10%-
refundable. Savings 15% of savings from
match will be American retirement
automatically accounts to help
deposited into couples through
personal accounts. periods of extended
unemployment.
Automatic deposits
into savings unless
workers opt out.
Cost: $20 billion-
$25 billion per
year.
______________________________________________________________________________
44. Expand Double existing tax
tax credit credit to $1,000
for small for the first year
employers that a small
providing employer offers a
pension qualified
plans retirement plan.
Create a new $500-
per-year tax credit
for the first three
years that a small
employer provides
direct deposit
options to its
employees.
Streamline the
filing system for
employers to claim
these credits.
______________________________________________________________________________
The Elderly
______________________________________________________________________________
45. Tax Eliminate all Double the standard
relief for income taxation of deduction for the
the elderly seniors making less elderly (11 million
than $50,000 per filers).
year — an
immediate tax cut
averaging $1,400
for seven million
seniors to relieve
millions from the
burden of filing
tax returns.
______________________________________________________________________________
46. Provide a new
Caregiver partially
tax credit refundable $3,000
care-giving credit
for seniors, people
with disabilities
and their families,
and persons with
substantial long-
term care needs or
their caregivers
(that credit would
be phased out for
couples earning
more than
$150,000). Will not
require accounting
for out-of-pocket
costs. Estimated
revenue effect:
$300 million per
year.
______________________________________________________________________________
47. Long- Provide new tax
term credit to cover 75%
insurance of long-term care
credit insurance premiums
of up to $1,500 per
year for qualified
long-term care
insurance policies
that would meet new
consumer protection
requirements (the
credit will be
phased out for
couples earning
more than
$150,000).
Qualified plans
must abide by the
National
Association of
Insurance
Commissioners 2006
Model Regulations.
______________________________________________________________________________
Energy/Environment
______________________________________________________________________________
48. Extend Extend for five Encourage
the years the investment in wind,
production production tax solar, and other
tax credit credit used renewable energy
successfully by production by
farmers and making permanent
investors to the 1.9 cent per
increase renewable kilowatt-hour tax
energy production. credit for
producing
electricity from
renewable sources.
______________________________________________________________________________
49. Tax Provide tax
incentive incentives for most
for promising
cellulosic technologies with
ethanol the goal of getting
the first two
billion gallons of
cellulosic ethanol
into the system by
2013.
______________________________________________________________________________
50. Tax Provide retooling Help automakers
incentive tax credits and retool their
for loan guarantees for production
automakers domestic auto facilities through
producing plants and parts $20 billion in
fuel- manufacturers so "Green Vehicle
efficient that they can build Bonds" to meet new
vehicles new fuel-efficient emission standards.
cars to meet new
fuel economy
standards.
______________________________________________________________________________
51. Ethanol "I trust markets Expand federal tax Extend a per-gallon
and and I oppose credit programs to tax credit for corn
biodiesel subsidies. . . . provide incentives ethanol, cellulosic
tax credit Yes, that means no for local ethanol, and
ethanol subsidies." communities to biodiesel.
(Nov. 5, 2007) invest in their
biofuel refineries.
______________________________________________________________________________
52. Oil Repeal tax breaks Eliminate oil
company tax for the oil and gas company tax breaks.
breaks industry.
______________________________________________________________________________
53. Tax Supports 30% tax Tax credit for gas
credit for credit for stations for
E85 fuel installing E85 installing E85
pumps ethanol refueling pumps.
pumps.
______________________________________________________________________________
54. Extra Provide an
ethanol additional subsidy
subsidy for per gallon of
community- ethanol produced
financed from new facilities
ethanol that have a minimum
production of 25% local
capital.
______________________________________________________________________________
55. Tax Lift the 60,000- Expand tax credits
credits for per-manufacturer for purchases of
fuel- cap on buyer tax hybrids and other
efficient credits to allow low-emission
cars more Americans to vehicles. Offer tax
buy ultra-efficient credits of up to
vehicles. $10,000 for
purchasing a plug-
in hybrid.
______________________________________________________________________________
56. Tax Tax incentive for
credit for homeowners and
energy- businesses to make
efficient their houses and
appliances offices more energy
efficient. Expand
credits for
efficient
appliances, new
windows, and other
clean, efficient
technologies.
______________________________________________________________________________
57. Utility Provide tax
smart-grid incentives, such as
technology accelerated
depreciation, to
utilities that
install smart-grid
technology.
______________________________________________________________________________
58. Impose Implement a Impose a windfall
wind-fall windfall profit tax profit tax on big
profit tax on the oil and gas oil companies.
on oil industry.
companies
______________________________________________________________________________
59. Play-or- Create a $50
pay for oil billion Strategic
companies Energy Fund that
(nontax) will invest in
clean energy
technologies. Oil
companies must
invest in
alternative energy
or pay into the
fund.
______________________________________________________________________________
60. Increase Increase benefits
employer- for employer-
provided provided public
mass transit transit or ride-
benefits sharing to level
available for
employer-provided
parking.
______________________________________________________________________________
61. Cap-and- Auction 100% of Auction 100% of
trade permits. permits.
(nontax)
______________________________________________________________________________
62. Gas tax Suspend the 18.4 "The idea of a gas Suspend gas tax and
holiday cent federal gas tax holiday is a impose an excess
tax and 24.4 cent phony approach. It profits tax on the
diesel tax from is a gimmick." (May oil companies.
Memorial Day to 5, 2008)
Labor Day.
______________________________________________________________________________
Simplification/Reform
______________________________________________________________________________
63. Require a three-
Supermajority fifths majority
for tax vote in Congress to
increases raise taxes.
______________________________________________________________________________
64. Optional Propose a new
tax system alternative and
simpler tax system.
All who wish to
stay under the
current system
could still do so,
but everyone else
could choose a
vastly less
complicated system
with two tax rates
and a generous
standard deduction.
______________________________________________________________________________
65. Ensure that the IRS
Prepopulated uses the
tax returns information from
banks and employers
to give taxpayers
the option of
prepopulated tax
forms to verify,
sign, and return.
______________________________________________________________________________
66. Post tax Ensure that any tax
breaks on breaks for
Internet corporate
recipients — or
tax earmarks — are
publicly available
on the Internet in
an easily
searchable format.
______________________________________________________________________________
67. Budget Reinstate "pay as Move toward a
rules you go" budget balanced budget and
rules, so that new surpluses. Develop
spending or tax a set of budget
cuts are paid for rules similar to
by spending cuts or those in the 1990s
new revenue that required
elsewhere. funding new
expenditures with
new revenues or
cuts in other areas.
______________________________________________________________________________
Miscellaneous
______________________________________________________________________________
68. Third- Increase third-
party party reporting of
reporting of capital gains.
capital
gains
______________________________________________________________________________
69. Credit Improve compliance
card company by requiring credit
reporting of and debit card
merchant companies to report
receipts reimbursement
payments made to
merchants.
______________________________________________________________________________
70. Tax Provide the
haven "black Treasury Department
list" with tools needed
to stop the abuse
of tax shelters and
offshore tax
havens. Crack down
on the offshore tax
havens that refuse
to share tax
information. Create
an international
tax evasion watch
list to monitor
these countries and
use economic
pressure to make
them comply.
Penalize any
company that
reports income from
tax havens on the
list.
______________________________________________________________________________
71. Rural Expand empowerment
empowerment zones to more rural
zone areas, including
issuance of tax-
exempt rural
enterprise
community bonds.
______________________________________________________________________________
72. Ban new taxes on
Cellphone cellphones.
taxes
______________________________________________________________________________
73. Internet Ban Internet taxes.
taxes
______________________________________________________________________________
74. Tax Provide a capital
breaks for gains tax break for
family landowners selling
farmers to beginning family
farmers. Provide a
first-time buyers
tax credit for new
farmers.
______________________________________________________________________________
75. New Reauthorize the new
markets tax markets tax credit.
credit
______________________________________________________________________________
76. Tax Create a new $5
credit billion
relief for "insourcing"
communities markets tax credit
adversely dedicated to
affected by communities
globalization impacted by global
competition, trade,
and technological
change. Treasury,
Labor, and Commerce
departments
determine eligible
trade-affected
communities.
Eligibility for the
new credit will
include small-
business investment
corporations.
______________________________________________________________________________
77. Educate employers
Encourage about current-law
use of disabled access tax
employer credit, a tax
credits deduction for
architectural and
transportation
barrier removal,
and the work
opportunity tax
credit to encourage
employment of
individuals with
disabilities.
______________________________________________________________________________
78. Tax- Challenge some of
exempt the most selective
status of U.S. schools that
higher benefit
education tremendously from
their tax-exempt
status to further
expand access for
low-income students
by spending a
greater percentage
of their endowment
on recruiting more
low-income
students.
______________________________________________________________________________
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